Tattoos – more than just colored skin? Searching for tattoo allergens
نویسندگان
چکیده
During tattooing, a high amount of ink is injected into the skin. Tattoo inks contain numerous substances such as coloring pigments, impurities, solvents, emulsifiers, and preservatives. Black amorphous carbon particles (carbon black), white titanium dioxide, azo or polycyclic pigments create all varieties color shades in visible spectrum. Some ingredients tattoo might be hazardous allergenic chemicals unknown potential. In Germany, about 20 % general population tattooed related adverse reactions are increasingly reported. Since needles inevitably harm skin, microorganisms can enter wound may cause infections. Non-allergic inflammatory (for example cutaneous granuloma pseudolymphoma) well allergic emerge during after healing. Especially with allergies occurring weeks, months years, it remains difficult to identify specific ingredient(s) that trigger reaction. This review summarizes possible effects tattooing focus on development tattoo-mediated allergies. To date, relevant allergens were only identified rare cases. Here we present established methods discuss current experimental approaches culprit – via testing patient vitro approaches.
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft
سال: 2021
ISSN: ['1610-0379', '1610-0387']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/ddg.14436